whr_2019 <- readxl::read_xls("Chapter2OnlineData2019.xls")
whr <- read_csv("2016.csv")
whr_2019 %>%
rename_with(~ gsub(" ", "_", .), .cols = everything()) %>%
select(Country_name:Negative_affect) %>%
filter(Year <= 2016) -> whr_2019
whr %>%
rename_with(~ gsub(" ", "_", .), .cols = everything()) %>%
select(Country, Happiness_Rank, Happiness_Score) %>%
right_join(whr_2019, by = join_by(Country == Country_name), multiple = "last") -> tmp
whr %>%
select(Country:Region) %>%
right_join(tmp, by = join_by(Country == Country), multiple = "all") %>%
mutate("top20" = ifelse(Happiness_Rank<=20, "hehe", "not hehe"),
"mean_position" = ifelse(Happiness_Score>= mean(Happiness_Score, na.rm = TRUE), "upper", "lower")) -> whr_tests_hw14 Testing Hypothesis 2: ANOVA and Linear Regression
14.0.1 ANOVA (analysis of variance)
I wanted to add some variety to our data, so I found another table related to the World Happiness Report, you can read more about it here (by the way, this doc, apparently, is also formatted in R).
This is roughly what preprocessing of real (not the cleanest and crooked) data might look like: I combine two tables (the table for 2016 and the new table for 2019) using the function right_join(this means that I attach the left table to the right one, and everything that is left in the left one that does not fit into the right one is not taken) from the family join, rename columns and replace spaces on them with underscores using the function rename_with, select only the columns that interest me using the function select, create new variables that we have already created earlier in homework, using the mutate function and save the result in a new table in the datasetwhr_tests_hw
I also downloaded the result of this preprocessing into a separate file using Rthe function https://raw.githubusercontent.com/elenary/StatsForDA/main/whr_tests_hw.csvwrite_csv()
Previously, we tested the hypothesis that the Happiness Score differs in two regions: Western and Eastern and Central Europe. But what if I want to check whether the level of happiness differs statistically significantly in three regions - Western and Eastern and Central Europe and in Latin America? Again, we turn to the statistical criteria we studied last semester , remember the picture with the tree of choosing statistical tests https://miro.com/app/board/uXjVOxmKhr8=/ . If we have a quantitative PP, categorical NP / categorical, and we need to conduct 3 or more comparisons - then we move from the t-test to ANOVA (analysis of variance) .
I will periodically adhere to the form of writing code when I do everything at once inside one pipe - both filtering and plotting graphs or calculating a test, but do not forget that before writing everything together, you need to make sure that each line works. And it may be more convenient at first to create more variables and write the filtering results there, and then use this variable - this will make it easier to debug the code. For example, you can first filter the data and write it to a new dataset (sometimes it happens that you cannot do without this form of writing)
whr_tests_hw %>%
filter(Region == "Central and Eastern Europe" | Region == "Western Europe" | Region == "Latin America and Caribbean") %>%
filter(Year == "2016") -> whr_anovaRecalling the assumptions for ANOVA
First, wages should be distributed close to a normal distribution.
whr_anova %>%
ggplot(aes(x = Happiness_Score)) +
geom_density(color = "#355C7D") +
theme_minimal()
whr_anova %>%
ggplot(aes(sample = Happiness_Score)) +
stat_qq(color = "#355C7D") +
geom_qq_line() +
theme_minimal()
Let’s say it looks like a normal distribution.
The second assumption is homogeneity (homoscedasticity) of variances. Variances should be the same in our groups. If they are different, this is bad, and we will have to use nonparametric analogs of ANOVA. Homogeneity of variances is checked using Levene’s Test. Note: here we are interested in obtaining a NON-significant result - because if the test yielded a significant result, then the variances in the groups are different, and this is not ok. We will need a function leveneTestfrom the packagecar
options(scipen = 999) #
# install.packages("car")
library(car)
leveneTest(Happiness_Score ~ Region, data = whr_anova)Warning in leveneTest.default(y = y, group = group, ...): group coerced to
factor.Levene's Test for Homogeneity of Variance (center = median)
Df F value Pr(>F)
group 2 0.7143 0.4933
66 Look at the p-value: it’s not significant, hooray! So we’ve met all the assumptions, and we can safely use anova. We’ll try to build it in two ways: using a standard function aovand using a function ezANOVAfrom a package ezwith a clearer syntax, but more picky and less stable.
aov_model1 <- aov(Happiness_Score ~ Region, data = whr_anova) #выполняем АНОВУ
summary(aov_model1) #output for ANOVA results Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
Region 2 21.40 10.698 21.37 0.0000000697 ***
Residuals 66 33.04 0.501
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1How to interpret these results? The first thing we look at is the p-value (column Pr(F)). If it is less than the set levelaa, then we say that we reject the null hypothesis and we have obtained statistically significant differences . If the p-value is greater than or equal toaa– we do not have enough evidence to support the alternative hypothesis, and we say that we do not reject the null hypothesis .
If we compare the results, they will be exactly the same, only the second function in the ges column also gives the effect size! This is eta squaredor2or2, the effect size metric for ANOVA , which you used anyway in your homework last year. We can see that the effect we got is quite large!
We can calculate it separately for the previous table using the package function effectsize
# install.packages("effectsize")
library(effectsize)
eta_squared(aov_model1)# Effect Size for ANOVA
Parameter | Eta2 | 95% CI
-------------------------------
Region | 0.39 | [0.24, 1.00]
- One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].The value will be the same as in the ges column of the ezANOVA output.
Visualize the results. The most common methods for visualizing ANOVA are boxplots or violet plots.
library(wesanderson)
whr_anova %>%
ggplot(aes(x=Region, y = Happiness_Score, fill = Region)) +
geom_boxplot() +
theme_minimal() +
scale_fill_manual(values = wes_palette("FantasticFox1"))
whr_anova %>%
ggplot(aes(x=Region, y = Happiness_Score, color = Region, group = 1)) +
stat_summary(fun = mean, geom = 'point') +
stat_summary(fun = mean, geom = 'line') +
stat_summary(fun.data = mean_cl_boot, geom = 'errorbar') +
theme_minimal() +
scale_color_manual(values = wes_palette("FantasticFox1"))
We know that the ANOVA is significant, that is, there are statistically significant differences between the three regions. But how do we know which regions are contributing to the significance? Could it be that the significance is being provided by one region that is very different from the others, while the other two are not different? It is. To find out, we need to conduct post-hoc tests .
14.0.1.1 Post-hoc analysis
Post hocs are pairwise multiple comparisons of everything with everything. Remember that when we do this, we risk getting a statistically significant result purely by chance, because the probability of a type I error increases greatly, and corrections for multiple comparisons are needed. You can do post hoc analysis, for example, using built-in functions TukeyHSDorpairwise.t.test
TukeyHSD(aov_model1, conf.level=.95) Tukey multiple comparisons of means
95% family-wise confidence level
Fit: aov(formula = Happiness_Score ~ Region, data = whr_anova)
$Region
diff lwr
Latin America and Caribbean-Central and Eastern Europe 0.7082577 0.20757381
Western Europe-Central and Eastern Europe 1.3149770 0.82891110
Western Europe-Latin America and Caribbean 0.6067193 0.06961039
upr p adj
Latin America and Caribbean-Central and Eastern Europe 1.208942 0.0033334
Western Europe-Central and Eastern Europe 1.801043 0.0000000
Western Europe-Latin America and Caribbean 1.143828 0.0230915pairwise.t.test(whr_anova$Happiness_Score, whr_anova$Region, p.adj = "bonf")
Pairwise comparisons using t tests with pooled SD
data: whr_anova$Happiness_Score and whr_anova$Region
Central and Eastern Europe
Latin America and Caribbean 0.0035
Western Europe 0.000000039
Latin America and Caribbean
Latin America and Caribbean -
Western Europe 0.0258
P value adjustment method: bonferroni 14.0.1.2 Nonparametric Analogues of ANOVA
If our variable has significant outliers, fails the normality test, and the variances in the groups are statistically significantly different, then we cannot use ANOVA. What to do? Conduct an analogue of ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test. I will show it on the same data that we took for ANOVA, where we looked at different levels of happiness by region.
kruskal.test(Happiness_Score ~ Region, data = whr_anova)
Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
data: Happiness_Score by Region
Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 26.36, df = 2, p-value = 0.00000188814.0.1.3 Multivariate ANOVA
We tested the hypothesis with only one NP - region. But what if my hypothesis concerns several factors? For example, I want to test the hypothesis that the variable Life_Ladder(analogous to Happiness Score, shows the survey results, where respondents are by level of happiness in the form of a ladder with 10 steps) is affected by both region and year.
I’ll go back to the original dataset and remove the year filtering.
It’s all the same - let’s check the assumptions first.
whr_tests_hw %>%
filter(Region == "Central and Eastern Europe" |
Region == "Western Europe" |
Region == "Latin America and Caribbean") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = Life_Ladder)) +
geom_density(color = "#355C7D") +
theme_minimal()
whr_tests_hw %>%
filter(Region == "Central and Eastern Europe" |
Region == "Western Europe" |
Region == "Latin America and Caribbean") %>%
ggplot(aes(sample = Life_Ladder)) +
stat_qq(color = "#355C7D") +
geom_qq_line() +
theme_minimal()
whr_tests_hw %>%
filter(Region == "Central and Eastern Europe" |
Region == "Western Europe" |
Region == "Latin America and Caribbean") %>%
aov(Life_Ladder ~ Region + as.factor(Year), data = .) -> aov_model3
# as.factor() converts quantitative variable intpo categorical
summary(aov_model3) Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
Region 2 273.0 136.51 271.048 <0.0000000000000002 ***
as.factor(Year) 11 6.8 0.62 1.229 0.263
Residuals 681 343.0 0.50
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1The formula of the entry dependent var ~ independen var 1 + independent var 2 means that I take into account two factors independently of each other. But sometimes I am interested in the interaction of factors: maybe in some regions nothing has changed much over the years, the level of happiness measured as Life_Ladderwas constant, and in some regions there was a huge increase (or a huge negative increase) in the level of happiness? Then I will need to check the interaction of factors, and the formula will be: dependent var ~ independen var 1 * independent var 2 Wherever I am interested in interaction, I put an asterisk instead of a plus.
whr_tests_hw %>%
filter(Region == "Central and Eastern Europe" |
Region == "Western Europe" |
Region == "Latin America and Caribbean") %>%
aov(Life_Ladder ~ Region * as.factor(Year), data = .) -> aov_model4
summary(aov_model4) Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
Region 2 273.0 136.51 274.254 <0.0000000000000002 ***
as.factor(Year) 11 6.8 0.62 1.244 0.254
Region:as.factor(Year) 22 15.0 0.68 1.366 0.123
Residuals 659 328.0 0.50
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1We see that in the second case we have another line – Region:Year. This is precisely the interaction of two factors. And it is, by the way, significant! That is, the assumption that different regions have different dynamics of changes in the level of happiness by year is correct.
Next, to determine what exactly was significant, we do post-hocs.
TukeyHSD(aov_model3, conf.level=.95) Tukey multiple comparisons of means
95% family-wise confidence level
Fit: aov(formula = Life_Ladder ~ Region + as.factor(Year), data = .)
$Region
diff lwr
Latin America and Caribbean-Central and Eastern Europe 0.7566260 0.6067538
Western Europe-Central and Eastern Europe 1.5355194 1.3797520
Western Europe-Latin America and Caribbean 0.7788934 0.6136843
upr p adj
Latin America and Caribbean-Central and Eastern Europe 0.9064982 0
Western Europe-Central and Eastern Europe 1.6912868 0
Western Europe-Latin America and Caribbean 0.9441025 0
$`as.factor(Year)`
diff lwr upr p adj
2006-2005 -0.641503227 -1.3082889 0.02528243 0.0721993
2007-2005 -0.504650418 -1.1548815 0.14558067 0.3136997
2008-2005 -0.372494926 -1.0259222 0.28093234 0.7778014
2009-2005 -0.333171470 -0.9763378 0.30999484 0.8685431
2010-2005 -0.417675529 -1.0548561 0.21950509 0.5869249
2011-2005 -0.393147603 -1.0251913 0.23889608 0.6657484
2012-2005 -0.349778923 -0.9790756 0.27951778 0.8051006
2013-2005 -0.347990871 -0.9781780 0.28219626 0.8117649
2014-2005 -0.352230851 -0.9815276 0.27706586 0.7978029
2015-2005 -0.378621468 -1.0088086 0.25156567 0.7135090
2016-2005 -0.344352961 -0.9745401 0.28583417 0.8221379
2007-2006 0.136852809 -0.3428754 0.61658097 0.9987359
2008-2006 0.269008300 -0.2150432 0.75305979 0.8052527
2009-2006 0.308331757 -0.1617763 0.77843977 0.5860437
2010-2006 0.223827698 -0.2380573 0.68571273 0.9127448
2011-2006 0.248355624 -0.2064167 0.70312795 0.8227037
2012-2006 0.291724304 -0.1592225 0.74267108 0.6074091
2013-2006 0.293512355 -0.1586762 0.74570090 0.6022276
2014-2006 0.289272376 -0.1616744 0.74021915 0.6203042
2015-2006 0.262881759 -0.1893068 0.71507030 0.7549778
2016-2006 0.297150266 -0.1550383 0.74933881 0.5830213
2008-2007 0.132155491 -0.3288252 0.59313617 0.9986772
2009-2007 0.171478947 -0.2748381 0.61779598 0.9835790
2010-2007 0.086974889 -0.3506724 0.52462216 0.9999621
2011-2007 0.111502814 -0.3186311 0.54163676 0.9994841
2012-2007 0.154871495 -0.2712158 0.58095874 0.9894984
2013-2007 0.156659546 -0.2707417 0.58406079 0.9887514
2014-2007 0.152419566 -0.2736677 0.57850682 0.9907926
2015-2007 0.126028949 -0.3013723 0.55343019 0.9982886
2016-2007 0.160297456 -0.2671038 0.58769870 0.9864528
2009-2008 0.039323456 -0.4116373 0.49028424 1.0000000
2010-2008 -0.045180602 -0.4875626 0.39720143 1.0000000
2011-2008 -0.020652677 -0.4556032 0.41429783 1.0000000
2012-2008 0.022716004 -0.4082330 0.45366504 1.0000000
2013-2008 0.024504055 -0.4077442 0.45675231 1.0000000
2014-2008 0.020264075 -0.4106850 0.45121311 1.0000000
2015-2008 -0.006126542 -0.4383748 0.42612171 1.0000000
2016-2008 0.028141965 -0.4041063 0.46039022 1.0000000
2010-2009 -0.084504059 -0.5115843 0.34257622 0.9999638
2011-2009 -0.059976133 -0.4793538 0.35940156 0.9999987
2012-2009 -0.016607453 -0.4318336 0.39861873 1.0000000
2013-2009 -0.014819401 -0.4313938 0.40175503 1.0000000
2014-2009 -0.019059381 -0.4342856 0.39616680 1.0000000
2015-2009 -0.045449998 -0.4620244 0.37112444 0.9999999
2016-2009 -0.011181491 -0.4277559 0.40539294 1.0000000
2011-2010 0.024527926 -0.3856109 0.43466679 1.0000000
2012-2010 0.067896606 -0.3379963 0.47378947 0.9999935
2013-2010 0.069684657 -0.3375874 0.47695667 0.9999918
2014-2010 0.065444678 -0.3404482 0.47133754 0.9999956
2015-2010 0.039054061 -0.3682180 0.44632608 1.0000000
2016-2010 0.073322568 -0.3339494 0.48059458 0.9999862
2012-2011 0.043368680 -0.3544115 0.44114889 0.9999999
2013-2011 0.045156732 -0.3540307 0.44434413 0.9999999
2014-2011 0.040916752 -0.3568635 0.43869697 1.0000000
2015-2011 0.014526135 -0.3846613 0.41371353 1.0000000
2016-2011 0.048794642 -0.3503928 0.44798204 0.9999998
2013-2012 0.001788051 -0.3930356 0.39661169 1.0000000
2014-2012 -0.002451928 -0.3958528 0.39094892 1.0000000
2015-2012 -0.028842545 -0.4236662 0.36598110 1.0000000
2016-2012 0.005425962 -0.3893977 0.40024960 1.0000000
2014-2013 -0.004239980 -0.3990636 0.39058366 1.0000000
2015-2013 -0.030630597 -0.4268719 0.36561073 1.0000000
2016-2013 0.003637910 -0.3926034 0.39987923 1.0000000
2015-2014 -0.026390617 -0.4212143 0.36843302 1.0000000
2016-2014 0.007877890 -0.3869458 0.40270153 1.0000000
2016-2015 0.034268507 -0.3619728 0.43050983 1.0000000TukeyHSD(aov_model4, conf.level=.95) Tukey multiple comparisons of means
95% family-wise confidence level
Fit: aov(formula = Life_Ladder ~ Region * as.factor(Year), data = .)
$Region
diff lwr
Latin America and Caribbean-Central and Eastern Europe 0.7566260 0.6076214
Western Europe-Central and Eastern Europe 1.5355194 1.3806537
Western Europe-Latin America and Caribbean 0.7788934 0.6146408
upr p adj
Latin America and Caribbean-Central and Eastern Europe 0.9056306 0
Western Europe-Central and Eastern Europe 1.6903851 0
Western Europe-Latin America and Caribbean 0.9431460 0
$`as.factor(Year)`
diff lwr upr p adj
2006-2005 -0.641503227 -1.3044578 0.02145132 0.0684983
2007-2005 -0.504650418 -1.1511455 0.14184467 0.3047915
2008-2005 -0.372494926 -1.0221678 0.27717798 0.7710926
2009-2005 -0.333171470 -0.9726424 0.30629943 0.8639131
2010-2005 -0.417675529 -1.0511951 0.21584407 0.5776914
2011-2005 -0.393147603 -1.0215598 0.23526458 0.6572791
2012-2005 -0.349778923 -0.9754599 0.27590207 0.7989502
2013-2005 -0.347990871 -0.9745572 0.27857543 0.8057591
2014-2005 -0.352230851 -0.9779118 0.27345014 0.7914979
2015-2005 -0.378621468 -1.0051878 0.24794484 0.7056899
2016-2005 -0.344352961 -0.9709193 0.28221334 0.8163640
2007-2006 0.136852809 -0.3401190 0.61382463 0.9986646
2008-2006 0.269008300 -0.2122620 0.75027860 0.7991056
2009-2006 0.308331757 -0.1590752 0.77573870 0.5768038
2010-2006 0.223827698 -0.2354035 0.68305891 0.9093873
2011-2006 0.248355624 -0.2038037 0.70051499 0.8169427
2012-2006 0.291724304 -0.1566315 0.74008010 0.5983379
2013-2006 0.293512355 -0.1560781 0.74310278 0.5931129
2014-2006 0.289272376 -0.1590834 0.73762817 0.6113481
2015-2006 0.262881759 -0.1867087 0.71247218 0.7478429
2016-2006 0.297150266 -0.1524402 0.74674069 0.5737597
2008-2007 0.132155491 -0.3261766 0.59048754 0.9986027
2009-2007 0.171478947 -0.2722737 0.61523160 0.9827905
2010-2007 0.086974889 -0.3481578 0.52210759 0.9999598
2011-2007 0.111502814 -0.3161597 0.53916537 0.9994540
2012-2007 0.154871495 -0.2687676 0.57851060 0.9889745
2013-2007 0.156659546 -0.2682860 0.58160509 0.9881933
2014-2007 0.152419566 -0.2712195 0.57605867 0.9903286
2015-2007 0.126028949 -0.2989166 0.55097450 0.9981934
2016-2007 0.160297456 -0.2646481 0.58524301 0.9857910
2009-2008 0.039323456 -0.4090463 0.48769318 1.0000000
2010-2008 -0.045180602 -0.4850209 0.39465966 1.0000000
2011-2008 -0.020652677 -0.4531041 0.41179876 1.0000000
2012-2008 0.022716004 -0.4057570 0.45118896 1.0000000
2013-2008 0.024504055 -0.4052607 0.45426876 1.0000000
2014-2008 0.020264075 -0.4082089 0.44873703 1.0000000
2015-2008 -0.006126542 -0.4358913 0.42363817 1.0000000
2016-2008 0.028141965 -0.4016227 0.45790667 1.0000000
2010-2009 -0.084504059 -0.5091305 0.34012237 0.9999615
2011-2009 -0.059976133 -0.4769442 0.35699197 0.9999987
2012-2009 -0.016607453 -0.4294479 0.39623298 1.0000000
2013-2009 -0.014819401 -0.4290003 0.39936154 1.0000000
2014-2009 -0.019059381 -0.4318998 0.39378106 1.0000000
2015-2009 -0.045449998 -0.4596309 0.36873095 0.9999999
2016-2009 -0.011181491 -0.4253624 0.40299946 1.0000000
2011-2010 0.024527926 -0.3832544 0.43231028 1.0000000
2012-2010 0.067896606 -0.3356641 0.47145735 0.9999931
2013-2010 0.069684657 -0.3352473 0.47461663 0.9999913
2014-2010 0.065444678 -0.3381161 0.46900542 0.9999953
2015-2010 0.039054061 -0.3658779 0.44398604 1.0000000
2016-2010 0.073322568 -0.3316094 0.47825454 0.9999853
2012-2011 0.043368680 -0.3521260 0.43886339 0.9999999
2013-2011 0.045156732 -0.3517371 0.44205054 0.9999999
2014-2011 0.040916752 -0.3545780 0.43641146 1.0000000
2015-2011 0.014526135 -0.3823677 0.41141994 1.0000000
2016-2011 0.048794642 -0.3480992 0.44568845 0.9999997
2013-2012 0.001788051 -0.3907671 0.39434318 1.0000000
2014-2012 -0.002451928 -0.3935924 0.38868858 1.0000000
2015-2012 -0.028842545 -0.4213977 0.36371258 1.0000000
2016-2012 0.005425962 -0.3871292 0.39798109 1.0000000
2014-2013 -0.004239980 -0.3967951 0.38831514 1.0000000
2015-2013 -0.030630597 -0.4245953 0.36333407 1.0000000
2016-2013 0.003637910 -0.3903268 0.39760257 1.0000000
2015-2014 -0.026390617 -0.4189457 0.36616451 1.0000000
2016-2014 0.007877890 -0.3846772 0.40043301 1.0000000
2016-2015 0.034268507 -0.3596962 0.42823317 1.0000000
$`Region:as.factor(Year)`
diff
Latin America and Caribbean:2005-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.228421450
Western Europe:2005-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.515827894
Central and Eastern Europe:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.548923314
Latin America and Caribbean:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.022344602
Western Europe:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.314456463
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.521022825
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.270782444
Western Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.452855137
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.363679520
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.230310965
Western Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.598218489
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.437624950
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.799280140
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.205147321
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.493303391
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.612405664
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.189285769
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.367699401
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.500996079
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.211568342
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.246307233
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.531317496
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.163223687
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.224190802
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.592182716
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.055994774
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.158227912
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.492819968
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.059999967
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.180790465
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.373639157
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.123155219
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.125883111
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.329719280
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.199664332
Western Europe:2005-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.287406445
Central and Eastern Europe:2006-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.777344763
Latin America and Caribbean:2006-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.206076848
Western Europe:2006-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.086035013
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.749444275
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.957639005
Western Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.224433687
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.592100970
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.998110485
Western Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.369797039
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.666046399
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.429141310
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.023274128
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.721724840
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.616015786
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.039135680
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.596120851
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.727425371
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.016853108
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.474728683
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.697103953
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.065197763
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.452612252
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.636238734
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.172426675
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.386649362
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.735601482
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.168421483
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.409211915
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.854782293
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.105266230
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.354304560
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.898702170
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.028757118
Central and Eastern Europe:2006-Western Europe:2005 -2.064751208
Latin America and Caribbean:2006-Western Europe:2005 -1.493483292
Western Europe:2006-Western Europe:2005 -0.201371431
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Western Europe:2005 -2.036850719
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Western Europe:2005 -1.245045450
Western Europe:2007-Western Europe:2005 -0.062972758
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Western Europe:2005 -1.879507414
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Western Europe:2005 -1.285516930
Western Europe:2008-Western Europe:2005 0.082390594
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Western Europe:2005 -1.953452844
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Western Europe:2005 -0.716547754
Western Europe:2009-Western Europe:2005 -0.310680573
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2005 -2.009131285
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2005 -0.903422230
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2005 -0.326542125
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2005 -1.883527295
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2005 -1.014831815
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2005 -0.304259553
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2005 -1.762135127
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2005 -0.984510398
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2005 -0.352604208
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2005 -1.740018697
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2005 -0.923645178
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2005 -0.459833120
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2005 -1.674055807
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2005 -1.023007926
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2005 -0.455827928
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2005 -1.696618360
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2005 -1.142188737
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2005 -0.392672675
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2005 -1.641711005
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2005 -1.186108614
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2005 -0.316163563
Latin America and Caribbean:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.571267915
Western Europe:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.863379776
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.027900488
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.819705758
Western Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 2.001778450
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.185243793
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.779234278
Western Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 2.147141802
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.111298364
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.348203454
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.754070635
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.055619923
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.161328978
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.738209083
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.181223912
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.049919392
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.760491655
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.302616080
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.080240810
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.712147000
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.324732511
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.141106029
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.604918088
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.390695401
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.041743281
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.608923280
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.368132848
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.922562471
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.672078533
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.423040203
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.878642594
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.748587645
Western Europe:2006-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.292111861
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.543367427
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.248437842
Western Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.430510535
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.386024122
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.207966363
Western Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.575873887
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.459969551
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.776935538
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.182802720
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.515647992
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.590061062
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.166941167
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.390044003
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.478651477
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.189223740
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.268651835
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.508972895
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.140879085
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.246535404
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.569838114
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.033650172
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.180572514
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.470475366
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.037655365
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.203135067
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.351294555
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.100810617
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.148227712
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.307374678
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.177319730
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Western Europe:2006 -1.835479288
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Western Europe:2006 -1.043674019
Western Europe:2007-Western Europe:2006 0.138398674
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Western Europe:2006 -1.678135983
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Western Europe:2006 -1.084145498
Western Europe:2008-Western Europe:2006 0.283762026
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Western Europe:2006 -1.752081413
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Western Europe:2006 -0.515176323
Western Europe:2009-Western Europe:2006 -0.109309141
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2006 -1.807759854
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2006 -0.702050799
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2006 -0.125170694
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2006 -1.682155864
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2006 -0.813460384
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2006 -0.102888121
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2006 -1.560763696
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2006 -0.783138967
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2006 -0.151232776
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2006 -1.538647265
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2006 -0.722273747
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2006 -0.258461689
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2006 -1.472684375
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2006 -0.821636495
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2006 -0.254456496
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2006 -1.495246928
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2006 -0.940817306
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2006 -0.191301244
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2006 -1.440339573
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2006 -0.984737183
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2006 -0.114792131
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.791805269
Western Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.973877962
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.157343305
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.751333790
Western Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 2.119241314
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.083397876
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.320302965
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.726170147
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.027719435
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.133428489
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.710308594
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.153323424
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.022018904
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.732591167
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.274715592
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.052340322
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.684246512
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.296832023
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.113205541
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.577017599
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.362794913
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.013842793
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.581022792
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.340232360
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.894661982
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.644178044
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.395139715
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.850742105
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.720687157
Western Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.182072692
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.634461965
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.040471480
Western Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.327436044
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.708407394
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.528497696
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.934364877
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.764085835
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.341623220
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.918503325
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.638481845
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.230213635
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.940785897
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.517089677
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.260535052
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.892441242
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.494973247
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.321400272
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.785212330
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.429010357
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.222037524
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.789217522
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.451572910
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.102856713
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.852372775
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.396665555
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.058936836
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.928881887
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Western Europe:2007 -1.816534657
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Western Europe:2007 -1.222544172
Western Europe:2008-Western Europe:2007 0.145363352
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Western Europe:2007 -1.890480086
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Western Europe:2007 -0.653574997
Western Europe:2009-Western Europe:2007 -0.247707815
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2007 -1.946158527
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2007 -0.840449473
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2007 -0.263569367
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2007 -1.820554538
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2007 -0.951859058
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2007 -0.241286795
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2007 -1.699162370
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2007 -0.921537640
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2007 -0.289631450
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2007 -1.677045939
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2007 -0.860672421
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2007 -0.396860362
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2007 -1.611083049
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2007 -0.960035169
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2007 -0.392855170
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2007 -1.633645602
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2007 -1.079215980
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2007 -0.329699917
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2007 -1.578738247
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2007 -1.123135857
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2007 -0.253190805
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.593990485
Western Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.961898009
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -0.073945429
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.162959660
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.568826842
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -0.129623870
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.976085184
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.552965289
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -0.004019881
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.864675599
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.575247862
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.117372287
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.894997017
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.526903207
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.139488718
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.955862236
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.419674294
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.205451608
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.856499488
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.423679487
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.182889055
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.737318677
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.486834740
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.237796410
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.693398800
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.563343852
Western Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.367907524
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.667935914
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.568969176
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.974836357
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.723614355
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.382094699
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.958974805
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.598010366
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.270685114
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.981257377
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.476618198
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.301006532
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.932912722
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.454501767
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.361871751
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.825683810
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.388538877
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.262509003
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.829689002
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.411101430
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.143328192
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.892844255
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.356194075
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.099408315
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.969353367
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Western Europe:2008 -2.035843438
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Western Europe:2008 -0.798938349
Western Europe:2009-Western Europe:2008 -0.393071167
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2008 -2.091521879
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2008 -0.985812825
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2008 -0.408932720
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2008 -1.965917890
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2008 -1.097222410
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2008 -0.386650147
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2008 -1.844525722
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2008 -1.066900992
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2008 -0.434994802
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2008 -1.822409291
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2008 -1.006035773
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2008 -0.542223715
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2008 -1.756446401
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2008 -1.105398521
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2008 -0.538218522
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2008 -1.779008954
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2008 -1.224579332
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2008 -0.475063269
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2008 -1.724101599
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2008 -1.268499209
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2008 -0.398554157
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.236905090
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.642772271
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 -0.055678441
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.050030614
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.626910719
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.069925549
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.938621028
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.649193291
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.191317716
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.968942446
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.600848636
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.213434147
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.029807665
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.493619724
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.279397037
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.930444917
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.497624916
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.256834484
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.811264107
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.560780169
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.311741839
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.767344230
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.637289281
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.405867181
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.292583531
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.186874476
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.390005629
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.166979541
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.298284061
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.412288201
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.045587373
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.267962644
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.363943547
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.023470943
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.207097424
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.256714634
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.957508052
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.306460172
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.260719826
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.980070606
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.425640983
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.323875079
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.925163251
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.469560860
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.400384191
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2009 -1.698450712
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2009 -0.592741657
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2009 -0.015861552
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2009 -1.572846723
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2009 -0.704151243
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2009 0.006421020
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2009 -1.451454555
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2009 -0.673829825
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2009 -0.041923635
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2009 -1.429338124
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2009 -0.612964606
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2009 -0.149152547
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2009 -1.363375234
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2009 -0.712327354
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2009 -0.145147355
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2009 -1.385937787
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2009 -0.831508164
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2009 -0.081992102
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2009 -1.331030432
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2009 -0.875428041
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2009 -0.005482990
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.105709055
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.682589160
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.125603990
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.994299469
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.704871732
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.246996157
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.024620887
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.656527077
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.269112588
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.085486106
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.549298165
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.335075478
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.986123358
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.553303357
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.312512925
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.866942548
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.616458610
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.367420280
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.823022671
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.692967722
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.576880105
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.980105065
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.111409585
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.599162677
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.858712897
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.081088168
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.550818023
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.836596466
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.020222948
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.443589110
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.770633576
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.119585696
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.447594303
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.793196129
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.238766507
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.510749555
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.738288775
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.282686384
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.587258668
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2010 -1.556985170
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2010 -0.688289690
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2010 0.022282572
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2010 -1.435593002
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2010 -0.657968273
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2010 -0.026062083
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2010 -1.413476572
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2010 -0.597103053
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2010 -0.133290995
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2010 -1.347513681
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2010 -0.696465801
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2010 -0.129285803
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2010 -1.370076235
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2010 -0.815646612
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2010 -0.066130550
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2010 -1.315168880
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2010 -0.859566489
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2010 0.010378562
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.868695480
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 1.579267743
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.121392168
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.899016897
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 1.530923088
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.143508599
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.959882117
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 1.423694175
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.209471489
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.860519369
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 1.427699368
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.186908936
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.741338558
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 1.490854620
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.241816290
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.697418681
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 1.567363733
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.710572263
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.747303312
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.030321418
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.662227608
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.725186881
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.091186637
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.554998695
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.659223991
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.008176111
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.559003888
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.681786544
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.127356922
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.622159140
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.626879189
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.171276799
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.698668253
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2011 -1.457875575
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2011 -0.680250845
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2011 -0.048344655
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2011 -1.435759144
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2011 -0.619385626
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2011 -0.155573567
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2011 -1.369796254
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2011 -0.718748374
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2011 -0.151568375
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2011 -1.392358807
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2011 -0.837929185
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2011 -0.088413122
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2011 -1.337451452
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2011 -0.881849062
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2011 -0.011904010
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.777624730
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 1.409530920
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.022116431
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.838489949
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 1.302302007
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.088079321
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.739127201
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 1.306307200
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.065516768
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.619946390
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 1.369462452
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.120424123
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.576026513
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 1.445971565
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.631906190
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -0.755508299
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.060865219
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.524677278
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -0.689545409
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -0.038497529
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.528682470
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -0.712107962
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -0.157678339
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.591837723
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -0.657200607
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -0.201598216
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.668346835
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2012 -1.387414489
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2012 -0.571040971
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2012 -0.107228913
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2012 -1.321451599
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2012 -0.670403719
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2012 -0.103223720
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2012 -1.344014152
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2012 -0.789584530
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2012 -0.040068467
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2012 -1.289106797
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2012 -0.833504407
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2012 0.036440645
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.816373518
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 1.280185577
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.065962890
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.717010770
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 1.284190769
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.043400337
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.597829959
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 1.347346022
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.098307692
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.553910082
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 1.423855134
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.463812058
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 -0.750410628
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 -0.099362748
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.467817251
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 -0.772973181
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 -0.218543559
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.530972503
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 -0.718065826
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 -0.262463436
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.607481616
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2013 -1.214222686
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2013 -0.563174806
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2013 0.004005192
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2013 -1.236785240
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2013 -0.682355617
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2013 0.067160445
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2013 -1.181877885
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2013 -0.726275494
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2013 0.143669557
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 0.651047880
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 1.218227879
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 -0.022562553
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 0.531867069
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 1.281383132
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 0.032344802
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 0.487947192
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 1.357892244
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 0.567179999
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 -0.673610433
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 -0.119180811
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 0.630335251
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 -0.618703078
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 -0.163100688
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 0.706844364
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2014 -1.240790432
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2014 -0.686360810
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2014 0.063155253
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2014 -1.185883077
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2014 -0.730280687
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2014 0.139664365
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 0.554429622
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 1.303945685
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 0.054907355
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 0.510509745
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 1.380454797
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2015 0.749516062
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2015 -0.499522268
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2015 -0.043919877
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2015 0.826025175
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2015 -1.249038330
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2015 -0.793435939
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2015 0.076509112
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2016 0.455602391
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2016 1.325547442
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2016 0.869945052
lwr
Latin America and Caribbean:2005-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.8490443331
Western Europe:2005-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.0933701816
Central and Eastern Europe:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -2.0694725703
Latin America and Caribbean:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -1.4740033871
Western Europe:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.3512217925
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -1.9858098401
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -1.2327769021
Western Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.1816862002
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -1.8943322055
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -1.2595169585
Western Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.0675658035
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -1.8985214211
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.7042792061
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.3500957358
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -1.9541998621
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.8839423249
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.3222926172
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -1.8184857409
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.9829080518
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.3000100448
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -1.6970935731
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.9585104268
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.3206804439
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -1.6749771422
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.8917214148
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.4403532147
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -1.6090142521
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.9910841628
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.4298279565
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -1.6315768053
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -1.1227088320
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.3607489113
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -1.5766694505
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -1.1666287090
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 -0.2842397989
Western Europe:2005-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.5031438782
Central and Eastern Europe:2006-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -3.4886664903
Latin America and Caribbean:2006-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -2.8959316686
Western Europe:2006-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.7554415850
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -3.4114169011
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -2.6538827141
Western Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.5889271136
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -3.3124060748
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -2.6821945838
Western Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.3505080658
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -3.3245910962
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -2.1253850181
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.7654948313
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -3.3802695372
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -2.3058706063
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.7424915532
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -3.2457671811
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -2.4062712482
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.7202089809
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -3.1243750132
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -2.3811880521
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.7440436403
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -3.1022585824
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -2.3150846113
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.8622814962
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -3.0362956923
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -2.4144473593
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.8525055818
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -3.0588582454
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -2.5446371134
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.7841121078
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -3.0039508906
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -2.5885569904
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -1.7076029954
Central and Eastern Europe:2006-Western Europe:2005 -3.1612348702
Latin America and Caribbean:2006-Western Europe:2005 -2.5561514832
Western Europe:2006-Western Europe:2005 -1.4916002600
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Western Europe:2005 -3.0545969446
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Western Europe:2005 -2.3178441672
Western Europe:2007-Western Europe:2005 -1.3127454416
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Western Europe:2005 -2.9899595848
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Western Europe:2005 -2.3389843568
Western Europe:2008-Western Europe:2005 -1.0280615758
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Western Europe:2005 -2.9655916092
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Western Europe:2005 -1.7893464713
Western Europe:2009-Western Europe:2005 -1.4547904219
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2005 -3.0212700501
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2005 -1.9660904209
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2005 -1.4105511646
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2005 -2.8810178385
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2005 -2.0599049461
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2005 -1.3882685922
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2005 -2.7596256706
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2005 -2.0379778251
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2005 -1.3976773382
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2005 -2.7375092397
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2005 -1.9687183091
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2005 -1.5225013108
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2005 -2.6715463496
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2005 -2.0680810572
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2005 -1.5092953548
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2005 -2.6941089028
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2005 -2.2048569280
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2005 -1.4377458057
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2005 -2.6392015480
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2005 -2.2487768050
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2005 -1.3612366933
Latin America and Caribbean:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 -0.3516704783
Western Europe:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.6855673868
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 -0.8429375986
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 -0.1148790069
Western Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.8684279499
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 -0.7923326064
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 -0.1330952758
Western Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.1695654025
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 -0.7529796441
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.4136186890
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.7384235793
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 -0.8086580850
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.2383905839
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.7907771893
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 -0.6658528128
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.1472957480
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.8130597617
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 -0.5444606450
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.1679112559
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.8095233559
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 -0.5223442141
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.2384823850
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.6819796940
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 -0.4563813240
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.1391196370
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.6965937262
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 -0.4789438771
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 -0.0003759232
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.7694548885
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 -0.4240365223
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 -0.0442958002
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.8459640009
Western Europe:2006-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.1457134630
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -1.3712238370
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.6462330157
Western Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.3298422749
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -1.3255148773
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.6634304911
Western Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.6363831317
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -1.2809224959
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.1177353198
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.2037592049
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -1.3366009369
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.2924368360
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.2588583217
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -1.1928679191
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.3825782863
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.2811408941
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -1.0714757513
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.3624239594
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.2796493216
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -1.0493593204
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.2913916494
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.1511522741
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.9833964303
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.3907543974
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.1662585110
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -1.0059589834
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.5312033431
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.2395808541
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.9510516286
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 -0.5751232201
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.3160899665
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Western Europe:2006 -2.9403652470
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Western Europe:2006 -2.1994692821
Western Europe:2007-Western Europe:2006 -1.1833037757
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Western Europe:2006 -2.8689632694
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Western Europe:2006 -2.2220203699
Western Europe:2008-Western Europe:2006 -0.9070652605
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Western Europe:2006 -2.8518043247
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Western Europe:2006 -1.6709715862
Western Europe:2009-Western Europe:2006 -1.3315828220
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2006 -2.9074827657
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2006 -1.8484491969
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2006 -1.2913787374
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2006 -2.7684122734
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2006 -1.9435681010
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2006 -1.2690961650
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2006 -2.6470201056
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2006 -1.9210138382
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2006 -1.2813404931
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2006 -2.6249036747
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2006 -1.8523814640
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2006 -1.4048600867
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2006 -2.5589407846
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2006 -1.9517442120
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2006 -1.3923313679
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2006 -2.5815033377
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2006 -2.0872157040
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2006 -1.3214089605
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2006 -2.5265959829
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2006 -2.1311355810
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2006 -1.2448998481
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 -0.0490155435
Western Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.9165160023
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 -0.7310184313
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 -0.0646785704
Western Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.2308795777
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 -0.6785125077
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.4794821524
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.7960788077
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 -0.7341909487
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.3055720793
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.8552307326
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 -0.5890174245
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.2168727059
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.8775133050
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 -0.4676252567
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.2363279613
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.8791003138
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 -0.4455088258
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.3080593428
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.7491611894
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 -0.3795459357
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.2086965948
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.7650104316
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 -0.4021084888
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0668055722
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.8390318463
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 -0.3472011340
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0228856952
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.9155409587
Western Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.0716205222
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -1.5853963908
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.9241942194
Western Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.3765016182
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -1.5424320583
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.3781827044
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.0556652272
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -1.5981104993
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.5530476383
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.0014139857
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -1.4546678807
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.6434854607
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.0208685866
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -1.3332757128
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.6231876877
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.0187421472
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -1.3111592820
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.5522988238
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.1094585282
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -1.2451963919
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.6516615718
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.0945052174
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -1.2677589450
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.7918141454
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.0213263203
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -1.2128515902
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 -0.8357340224
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.0551827921
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Western Europe:2007 -2.9634047269
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Western Europe:2007 -2.3143319514
Western Europe:2008-Western Europe:2007 -1.0015067179
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Western Europe:2007 -2.9424457773
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Western Europe:2007 -1.7640271668
Western Europe:2009-Western Europe:2007 -1.4271968070
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2007 -2.9981242183
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2007 -1.9411177326
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2007 -1.3848554740
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2007 -2.8584342603
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2007 -2.0355494119
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2007 -1.3625729016
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2007 -2.7370420925
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2007 -2.0133254197
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2007 -1.3733218039
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2007 -2.7149256616
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2007 -1.9443627749
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2007 -1.4975286225
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2007 -2.6489627715
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2007 -2.0437255229
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2007 -1.4846429493
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2007 -2.6715253246
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2007 -2.1798842397
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2007 -1.4133902714
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2007 -2.6166179698
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2007 -2.2238041167
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2007 -1.3368811590
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -0.3350804574
Western Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.9686793936
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -0.9558774425
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.2120252341
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.5381151738
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -1.0115558834
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.0365944291
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.5894016988
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -0.8691017146
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -0.0548661585
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.6116842711
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -0.7477095468
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -0.0340739256
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.6073614494
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -0.7255931159
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.0363204784
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.4801835392
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -0.6596302258
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -0.0630422696
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.4946085447
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -0.6821927789
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -0.2021720780
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.5672929819
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -0.6272854241
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 -0.2460919550
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.6438020943
Western Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.4388365819
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -1.4769437470
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.3147535643
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.0057872661
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -1.5326221880
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.4893021544
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.0616764199
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -1.3886153093
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.5791658385
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.0839589923
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -1.2672231415
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.5591460207
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.0830617694
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -1.2451067106
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.4879792015
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.0457130443
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -1.1791438205
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.5873419495
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.0304635504
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -1.2017063737
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.7280686615
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.0429933020
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -1.1467990188
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 -0.7719885385
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.1195024144
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Western Europe:2008 -2.9177754514
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Western Europe:2008 -1.7498727749
Western Europe:2009-Western Europe:2008 -1.4237828352
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2008 -2.9734538924
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2008 -1.9253035799
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2008 -1.3724963102
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2008 -2.8309997236
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2008 -2.0167641675
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2008 -1.3502137379
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2008 -2.7096075558
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2008 -1.9959719346
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2008 -1.3545365596
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2008 -2.6874911249
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2008 -1.9255775305
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2008 -1.4817144698
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2008 -2.6215282348
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2008 -2.0249402786
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2008 -1.4672894643
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2008 -2.6440907879
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2008 -2.1640700870
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2008 -1.3946050271
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2008 -2.5891834331
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2008 -2.2079899640
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2008 -1.3180959147
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.4028804254
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.7188202160
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 -0.8100821349
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.2290776693
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.7785147906
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 -0.6647086712
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.1405747255
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.8007973629
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 -0.5433165034
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.1599346132
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.8028023334
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 -0.5212000725
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.2317613624
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.6726667794
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 -0.4552371824
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.1323986144
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.6886170836
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 -0.4777997356
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 -0.0096888378
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.7627338659
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 -0.4228923807
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 -0.0536087148
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.8392429783
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.5841629231
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -2.1266081952
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.0815453342
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.5299116817
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.9831655766
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.1719831567
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.5076291093
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.8617734088
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.1516853837
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.5097555488
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.8396569779
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.0807965197
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.6379562241
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.7736940878
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.1801592677
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.6230029133
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.7962566409
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.3203118413
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.5498240162
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.7413492861
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -1.3642317183
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.4733149038
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2009 -2.6224027672
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2009 -1.5717851721
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2009 -1.0180282638
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2009 -2.4807288204
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2009 -1.6640680976
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2009 -0.9957456915
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2009 -2.3593366525
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2009 -1.6428789158
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2009 -1.0018404897
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2009 -2.3372202217
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2009 -1.5728814606
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2009 -1.1281960619
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2009 -2.2712573316
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2009 -1.6722442086
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2009 -1.1141964455
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2009 -2.2938198847
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2009 -1.8105516792
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2009 -1.0419089571
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2009 -2.2389125299
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2009 -1.8544715562
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2009 -0.9653998447
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.2847561103
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.8341932316
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 -0.6090302303
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.1962531664
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.8564758039
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 -0.4876380624
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.2156130542
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.8584807743
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 -0.4655216315
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.2874398034
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.7283452204
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 -0.3995587414
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.1880770554
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.7442955245
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 -0.4221212946
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.0459896032
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.8184123069
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 -0.3672139398
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.0020697262
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.8949214193
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.3312027405
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -1.7829289814
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.9726393486
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.3089201682
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -1.6615368135
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.9524850216
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.3104117407
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -1.6394203826
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.8814527116
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.4389087882
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -1.5734574925
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.9808154596
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.4238025513
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -1.5960200457
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -1.1212644054
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.3504802081
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -1.5411126909
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -1.1651842824
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.2739710957
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2010 -2.3878510768
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2010 -1.5757177829
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2010 -0.9106838626
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2010 -2.2664589089
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2010 -1.5552666575
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2010 -0.9134901750
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2010 -2.2443424781
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2010 -1.4845311460
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2010 -1.0413738407
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2010 -2.1783795880
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2010 -1.5838938940
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2010 -1.0265841872
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2010 -2.2009421411
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2010 -1.7237294579
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2010 -0.9535586425
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2010 -2.1460347863
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2010 -1.7676493349
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2010 -0.8770495301
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.0893108476
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.7484018362
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 -0.5929256468
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.1084119538
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.7515384555
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 -0.5708092159
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.1804974845
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.6208702591
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 -0.5048463258
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.0811347365
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.6370944241
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 -0.5274088790
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 -0.0614853581
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.7114699880
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 -0.4725015241
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 -0.1054052351
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.7879791004
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.1768558297
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -1.5266879444
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.8195295351
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.1771953308
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -1.5045715135
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.7482363017
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.3062310679
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -1.4386086234
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.8475990497
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.2908470648
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -1.4611711766
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.9885866851
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.2172637982
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -1.4062638217
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -1.0325065621
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 -0.1407546858
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2011 -2.2887414813
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2011 -1.5775492299
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2011 -0.9357727474
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2011 -2.2666250504
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2011 -1.5068137183
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2011 -1.0636564131
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2011 -2.2006621603
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2011 -1.6061764663
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2011 -1.0488667596
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2011 -2.2232247135
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2011 -1.7460120303
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2011 -0.9758412148
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2011 -2.1683173586
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2011 -1.7899319073
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2011 -0.8993321024
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 -0.0129802140
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.6301462876
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 -0.6922013838
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.0591053167
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.4994780913
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 -0.6262384937
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 -0.0402574313
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.5157022563
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 -0.6488010468
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 -0.1828775260
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.5900778202
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 -0.5938936920
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 -0.2267974030
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.6665869326
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -0.2179447623
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -1.5461132423
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -0.7889857332
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -0.3467195760
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -1.4801503522
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -0.8883484812
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -0.3314700821
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -1.5027129054
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -1.0290751932
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -0.2580132297
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -1.4478055506
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -1.0729950702
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 -0.1815041173
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2012 -2.1667991214
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2012 -1.4104639096
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2012 -0.9684586758
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2012 -2.1008362313
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2012 -1.5098266576
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2012 -0.9530746727
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2012 -2.1233987845
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2012 -1.6508142930
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2012 -0.8794914061
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2012 -2.0684914297
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2012 -1.6947341700
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2012 -0.8029822937
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.0369888858
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.4773616604
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 -0.6483549245
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 -0.0623738622
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.4935858254
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 -0.6709174777
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 -0.2049939568
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.5679613893
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 -0.6160101229
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 -0.2489138338
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.6444705017
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 -0.3974177049
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 -1.5297952604
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 -0.9387856867
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 -0.3820337018
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 -1.5523578135
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 -1.0797733221
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 -0.3084504352
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 -1.4974504587
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 -1.1236931991
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 -0.2319413228
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2013 -2.0170466027
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2013 -1.4244045698
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2013 -0.8673916614
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2013 -2.0396091558
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2013 -1.5648535155
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2013 -0.7940693183
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2013 -1.9847018010
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2013 -1.6087733925
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2013 -0.7175602059
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 -0.1283367523
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 0.4276229353
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 -0.7368803678
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 -0.2709568469
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 0.5019984992
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 -0.6819730130
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 -0.3148767239
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 0.5785076116
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 -0.2826709537
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 -1.4529950655
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 -0.9804105741
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 -0.2090876872
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 -1.3980877107
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 -1.0243304511
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 -0.1325785748
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2014 -2.0313953757
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2014 -1.5577576636
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2014 -0.7866957000
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2014 -1.9764880209
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2014 -1.6016775406
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2014 -0.7101865876
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 -0.2483942938
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 0.5245610523
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 -0.6594104598
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 -0.2923141708
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 0.6010701647
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2015 -0.1117137010
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2015 -1.3023461838
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2015 -0.9264177753
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2015 -0.0352045886
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2015 -2.0284229622
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2015 -1.6546657026
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2015 -0.7629138263
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2016 -0.3472215256
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2016 0.5461628099
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2016 0.0087152884
upr
Latin America and Caribbean:2005-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 3.305887232
Western Europe:2005-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 3.125025970
Central and Eastern Europe:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.971625943
Latin America and Caribbean:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.518692591
Western Europe:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 2.980134718
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.943764190
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.774341790
Western Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 3.087396474
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.166973165
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.720138888
Western Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 3.128871174
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.023271522
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 2.302839486
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 2.760390379
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.967593081
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 2.108753653
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 2.700864156
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.083086939
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.984900209
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 2.723146728
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.204479107
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 2.021145419
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 2.647127817
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.226595537
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 2.076086846
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 2.552342763
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.292558428
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.976724098
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 2.549827890
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.269995874
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.869987146
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 2.607059350
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.324903229
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.826067269
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 2.683568462
Western Europe:2005-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 2.077956767
Central and Eastern Europe:2006-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.066023036
Latin America and Caribbean:2006-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.483777973
Western Europe:2006-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.927511611
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.087471649
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.738604703
Western Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 2.037794488
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.128204135
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.685973614
Western Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 2.090102144
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.007501702
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.267102399
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.718946575
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 -0.063180143
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.073839035
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.664220192
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.053525479
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.951420506
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.686502765
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.174917647
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.986980145
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.613648114
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.197034078
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.042607143
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.517428145
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.262996968
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.943244395
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.515662616
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.240434415
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.835072528
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.573579647
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.295341770
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.791152651
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.650088759
Central and Eastern Europe:2006-Western Europe:2005 -0.968267545
Latin America and Caribbean:2006-Western Europe:2005 -0.430815102
Western Europe:2006-Western Europe:2005 1.088857397
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Western Europe:2005 -1.019104494
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Western Europe:2005 -0.172246733
Western Europe:2007-Western Europe:2005 1.186799926
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Western Europe:2005 -0.769055244
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Western Europe:2005 -0.232049502
Western Europe:2008-Western Europe:2005 1.192842765
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Western Europe:2005 -0.941314079
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Western Europe:2005 0.356250963
Western Europe:2009-Western Europe:2005 0.833429276
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2005 -0.996992520
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2005 0.159245961
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2005 0.757466915
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2005 -0.886036752
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2005 0.030241315
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2005 0.779749487
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2005 -0.764644584
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2005 0.068957029
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2005 0.692468923
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2005 -0.742528154
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2005 0.121427952
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2005 0.602835071
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2005 -0.676565263
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2005 0.022065204
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2005 0.597639500
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2005 -0.699127817
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2005 -0.079520546
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2005 0.652400456
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2005 -0.644220462
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2005 -0.123440423
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2005 0.728909568
Latin America and Caribbean:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.494206309
Western Europe:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 3.041192166
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.898738575
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.754290523
Western Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 3.135128951
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.162820193
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.691563832
Western Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 3.124718202
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.975576372
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 2.282788219
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 2.769717691
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.919897931
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 2.084267371
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 2.685640976
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.028300638
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.952543037
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 2.707923549
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.149692806
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.992570364
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 2.614770645
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.171809237
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 2.043729674
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 2.527856482
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.237772127
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.944366926
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 2.521252834
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.215209573
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.845500864
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 2.574702177
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.270116928
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.801580987
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 2.651211290
Western Europe:2006-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 2.438510259
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.284488983
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.143108701
Western Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 2.531178795
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.553466633
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.079363217
Western Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 2.515364642
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.360983393
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.671606396
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 2.161846234
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.305304952
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.472558961
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 2.075024013
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.412779913
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.339881240
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 2.097306585
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.534172081
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.380369748
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 2.002108848
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.556288512
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.431067877
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.916148071
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.622251402
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.331705129
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.909052219
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.599688849
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.233792453
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.962040381
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.654596204
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.189872576
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 2.038549493
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Western Europe:2006 -0.730593329
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Western Europe:2006 0.112121245
Western Europe:2007-Western Europe:2006 1.460101123
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Western Europe:2006 -0.487308697
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Western Europe:2006 0.053729373
Western Europe:2008-Western Europe:2006 1.474589312
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Western Europe:2006 -0.652358500
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Western Europe:2006 0.640618941
Western Europe:2009-Western Europe:2006 1.112964539
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2006 -0.708036941
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2006 0.444347599
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2006 1.041037350
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2006 -0.595899455
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2006 0.316647333
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2006 1.063319922
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2006 -0.474507287
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2006 0.354735905
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2006 0.978874941
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2006 -0.452390856
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2006 0.407833970
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2006 0.887936709
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2006 -0.386427966
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2006 0.308471222
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2006 0.883418375
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2006 -0.408990519
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2006 0.205581092
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2006 0.938806473
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2006 -0.354083164
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2006 0.161661215
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2006 1.015315586
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.632626082
Western Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 3.031239922
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.045705041
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.567346150
Western Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 3.007603050
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.845308259
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 2.161123778
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 2.656261486
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.789629818
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.961284899
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 2.565386456
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.895664273
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.827165102
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 2.587669029
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.017056441
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.868352682
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 2.489392710
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.039172871
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.918351739
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 2.404874009
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.105135762
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.818988991
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 2.397035152
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.082573208
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.722518392
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 2.449324243
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.137480563
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.678598515
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 2.525833355
Western Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 2.292524863
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.316472462
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.843251260
Western Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 2.278370471
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.125617271
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.435178096
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.924394982
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.069938830
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.236294078
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.838420636
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.177704190
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.103912730
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.860703208
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.299096358
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.144257792
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.766140338
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.321212789
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.195099367
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.679883188
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.387175679
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.095736619
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.672940262
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.364613126
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.997527571
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.726071870
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.419520480
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.953607694
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.802580983
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Western Europe:2007 -0.669664587
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Western Europe:2007 -0.130756393
Western Europe:2008-Western Europe:2007 1.292233422
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Western Europe:2007 -0.838514395
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Western Europe:2007 0.456877174
Western Europe:2009-Western Europe:2007 0.931781177
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2007 -0.894192836
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2007 0.260218787
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2007 0.857716739
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2007 -0.782674815
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2007 0.131831296
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2007 0.879999311
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2007 -0.661282647
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2007 0.170250139
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2007 0.794058904
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2007 -0.639166217
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2007 0.223017933
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2007 0.703807897
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2007 -0.573203326
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2007 0.123655185
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2007 0.698932609
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2007 -0.595765880
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2007 0.021452280
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2007 0.753990437
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2007 -0.540858525
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2007 -0.022467597
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2007 0.830499549
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.523061427
Western Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 2.955116624
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.807986584
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 2.113894087
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 2.599538510
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.752308143
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.915575940
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 2.516528880
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.861061953
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.784217357
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 2.538811453
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.982454121
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.824067959
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 2.446444965
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.004570552
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.875403994
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 2.359165050
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.070533442
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.776041246
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 2.352750429
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.047970889
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.676809432
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 2.406376497
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.102878243
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.632889555
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 2.482885609
Western Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 2.296978466
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.141071918
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.452691915
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.943885448
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.085393478
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.253491553
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.856273189
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.192594578
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.120536067
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.878555762
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.313986746
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.161159084
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.782763675
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.336103177
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.211722704
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.697080663
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.402066067
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.112359956
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.689841554
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.379503514
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.014725046
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.742695207
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.434410868
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.970805169
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.819204320
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Western Europe:2008 -1.153911425
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Western Europe:2008 0.151996078
Western Europe:2009-Western Europe:2008 0.637640501
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2008 -1.209589866
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2008 -0.046322069
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2008 0.554630871
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2008 -1.100836056
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2008 -0.177680652
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2008 0.576913444
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2008 -0.979443888
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2008 -0.137830050
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2008 0.484546956
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2008 -0.957327457
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2008 -0.086494015
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2008 0.397267041
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2008 -0.891364567
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2008 -0.185856763
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2008 0.390852420
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2008 -0.913927120
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2008 -0.285088576
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2008 0.444478488
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2008 -0.859019766
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2008 -0.329008453
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2008 0.520987601
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 2.070929754
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 2.566724326
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.698725253
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.870983558
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 2.475306647
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.804559768
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.736667331
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 2.497589219
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.925951936
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.777950279
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 2.398894939
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.948068367
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.827853968
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 2.314572668
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.014031257
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.728491220
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 2.306632749
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.991468704
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.632217051
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 2.358826472
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.046376059
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.588297174
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 2.435335584
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 1.395897286
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.458558866
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.707796382
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 1.309922940
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.350793506
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.575415034
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 1.332205512
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.229401338
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.615760096
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 1.237642642
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.207284907
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.666601671
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 1.151385492
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.141322017
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.567238923
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 1.144442566
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.163884570
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.469029875
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 1.197574174
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 -0.108977215
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.425109998
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 1.274083287
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2009 -0.774498657
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2009 0.386301857
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2009 0.986305159
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2009 -0.664964625
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2009 0.255765612
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2009 1.008587732
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2009 -0.543572457
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2009 0.295219266
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2009 0.917993220
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2009 -0.521456026
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2009 0.346952249
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2009 0.829890967
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2009 -0.455493136
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2009 0.247589501
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2009 0.823901736
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2009 -0.478055689
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2009 0.147535350
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2009 0.877924753
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2009 -0.423148334
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2009 0.103615473
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2009 0.954433865
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.926661999
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 2.530985088
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.860238209
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.792345772
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 2.553267660
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.981630377
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.833628720
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 2.454573380
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.003746808
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.883532409
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 2.370251109
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.069709698
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.784169661
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 2.362311190
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.047147145
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.687895492
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 2.414504913
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.102054500
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.643975615
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 2.491014025
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 1.484962951
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.177281149
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.749820178
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 1.507245523
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.055888981
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.790308686
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 1.412047786
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 -0.033772550
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.841006815
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 1.326087008
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.032190340
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.741644067
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 1.318991156
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.009627787
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.643731391
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 1.371979318
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.064535142
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.599811514
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 1.448488431
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2010 -0.726119264
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2010 0.199138402
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2010 0.955249007
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2010 -0.604727096
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2010 0.239330112
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2010 0.861366010
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2010 -0.582610665
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2010 0.290325039
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2010 0.774791851
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2010 -0.516647775
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2010 0.190962291
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2010 0.768012582
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2010 -0.539210328
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2010 0.092436233
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2010 0.821297543
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2010 -0.484302973
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2010 0.048516356
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2010 0.897806655
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 1.648080112
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 2.410133649
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.835709982
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 1.689621841
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 2.310307720
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.857826413
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 1.739266749
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 2.226518091
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.923789303
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 1.639904001
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 2.218304311
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.901226750
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 1.544162474
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 2.270239253
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.956134105
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 1.500242597
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 2.346748365
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 1.598000355
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.032081320
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.880172370
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 1.501650547
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.054197751
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.930609576
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 1.416228459
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.120160641
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.831246828
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 1.408854841
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.097598088
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.733872841
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 1.461582079
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.152505443
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.689952964
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 1.538091192
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2011 -0.627009668
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2011 0.217047539
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2011 0.839083438
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2011 -0.604893237
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2011 0.268042467
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2011 0.752509278
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2011 -0.538930347
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2011 0.168679719
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2011 0.745730010
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2011 -0.561492901
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2011 0.070153661
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2011 0.799014970
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2011 -0.506585546
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2011 0.026233784
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2011 0.875524083
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 1.568229673
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 2.188915552
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.736434246
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 1.617874581
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 2.105125924
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.802397136
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 1.518511833
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 2.096912144
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.779834582
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 1.422770306
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 2.148847085
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.834741937
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 1.378850429
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 2.225356197
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 1.481757143
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.035096645
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.910716172
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 1.396074132
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.101059535
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.811353424
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 1.388835023
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.078496982
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.713718515
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 1.441688676
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.133404337
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.669798638
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 1.518197788
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2012 -0.608029857
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2012 0.268381968
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2012 0.754000851
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2012 -0.542066967
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2012 0.169019220
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2012 0.746627233
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2012 -0.564629520
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2012 0.071645234
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2012 0.799354471
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2012 -0.509722165
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2012 0.027725357
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2012 0.875863584
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 1.595758150
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 2.083009493
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.780280705
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 1.496395402
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 2.074795713
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.757718152
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 1.400653876
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 2.126730654
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.812625506
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 1.356733999
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 2.203239766
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 1.325041822
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.028974004
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.740060191
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 1.317668204
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.006411451
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.642686205
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 1.370395442
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.061318806
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.598766328
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 1.446904555
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2013 -0.411398770
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2013 0.298054957
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2013 0.875402046
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2013 -0.433961323
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2013 0.200142281
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2013 0.928390208
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2013 -0.379053969
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2013 0.156222404
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2013 1.004899321
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 1.430432512
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 2.008832823
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 0.691755261
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 1.334690985
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 2.060767764
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 0.746662616
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 1.290771108
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 2.137276876
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 1.417030952
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 0.105774199
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 0.742048953
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 1.469758190
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 0.160681554
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 0.698129076
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 1.546267303
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2014 -0.450185488
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2014 0.185036044
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2014 0.913006205
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2014 -0.395278134
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2014 0.141116167
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2014 0.989515318
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 1.357253539
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 2.083330317
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 0.769225169
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 1.313333662
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 2.159839429
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2015 1.610745826
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2015 0.303301649
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2015 0.838578021
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2015 1.687254938
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2015 -0.469653698
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2015 0.067793824
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2015 0.915932051
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2016 1.258426307
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2016 2.104932075
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2016 1.731174815
p adj
Latin America and Caribbean:2005-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.9451928
Western Europe:2005-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.1025289
Central and Eastern Europe:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.9999943
Latin America and Caribbean:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.0000000
Western Europe:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.4355444
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.9999960
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.0000000
Western Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.1832670
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.0000000
Western Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.0274479
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.9871640
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.4802749
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.9999989
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.9998987
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.4428538
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.9999989
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.3978915
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.9999958
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.4518667
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.9999417
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.7008103
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.9999993
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.6832124
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.0000000
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.5381654
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 1.0000000
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2005 0.3774435
Western Europe:2005-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2006-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.0296735
Latin America and Caribbean:2006-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.6763551
Western Europe:2006-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.0243368
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.9696687
Western Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.1238095
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.9436437
Western Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.0471161
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.0000000
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.0298756
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.9999928
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.0754809
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.9996642
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.1738814
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.9998706
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.1992205
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.9999820
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.2896328
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.9995790
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.2562240
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.9941463
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.3417750
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 0.9870797
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2006-Western Europe:2005 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2006-Western Europe:2005 0.0000507
Western Europe:2006-Western Europe:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Western Europe:2005 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Western Europe:2005 0.0046383
Western Europe:2007-Western Europe:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Western Europe:2005 0.0000001
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Western Europe:2005 0.0016875
Western Europe:2008-Western Europe:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Western Europe:2005 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Western Europe:2005 0.8060256
Western Europe:2009-Western Europe:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2005 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2005 0.2659869
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2005 0.9999999
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2005 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2005 0.0722814
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2005 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2005 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2005 0.1117212
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2005 0.9999989
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2005 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2005 0.1928508
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2005 0.9996731
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2005 0.0000001
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2005 0.0655572
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2005 0.9996734
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2005 0.0000001
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2005 0.0176395
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2005 0.9999852
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2005 0.0000003
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2005 0.0094309
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2005 0.9999999
Latin America and Caribbean:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.9074340
Western Europe:2006-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0000011
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.2062048
Western Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.2565437
Western Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0000236
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0008585
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0044423
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.9999956
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0031398
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.9999765
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0007712
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.9988559
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0051521
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.9996430
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0502670
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.9952677
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0911080
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2006 0.0000000
Western Europe:2006-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.0079449
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.8339154
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.0000000
Western Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.0004006
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.9998896
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.0000000
Western Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.0000001
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.9726387
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.2243576
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.0020835
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.8918737
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.8042599
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.0005260
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.9970522
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.9755213
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.0003323
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.9999991
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.9528771
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.0002493
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.9999999
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.8214195
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.0038865
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.9808103
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.0028017
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.9999449
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.0005972
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.9999976
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2006 0.0001094
Central and Eastern Europe:2007-Western Europe:2006 0.0000002
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Western Europe:2006 0.1582072
Western Europe:2007-Western Europe:2006 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Western Europe:2006 0.0000469
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Western Europe:2006 0.0902702
Western Europe:2008-Western Europe:2006 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Western Europe:2006 0.0000009
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Western Europe:2006 0.9994079
Western Europe:2009-Western Europe:2006 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2006 0.0000003
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2006 0.9176512
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2006 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2006 0.0000024
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2006 0.6573766
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2006 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2006 0.0000266
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2006 0.7518358
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2006 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2006 0.0000404
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2006 0.8710456
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2006 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2006 0.0001367
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2006 0.6345067
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2006 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2006 0.0000907
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2006 0.3425938
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2006 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2006 0.0002434
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2006 0.2452586
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2006 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.1028542
Western Europe:2007-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.1305232
Western Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0000015
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0001050
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0007021
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.9999897
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0004834
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.9999391
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0000803
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.9967320
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0008445
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.9989849
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0161735
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.9869074
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0345210
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2007 0.0000000
Western Europe:2007-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.0205170
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.8078408
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.0000000
Western Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.0000614
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.2678216
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.9540689
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.1004012
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.1373030
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.9999785
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.0510141
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.4569412
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.0000000
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.0369404
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.8818780
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.0000000
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.0375650
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.9262209
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.9999910
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.2050394
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.9891971
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.0000000
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.1755166
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.9770161
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.0000000
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.0683225
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.9970353
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 1.0000000
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2007 0.0209186
Central and Eastern Europe:2008-Western Europe:2007 0.0000011
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Western Europe:2007 0.0089157
Western Europe:2008-Western Europe:2007 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Western Europe:2007 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Western Europe:2007 0.9482103
Western Europe:2009-Western Europe:2007 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2007 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2007 0.5165368
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2007 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2007 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2007 0.2036371
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2007 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2007 0.0000003
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2007 0.2808706
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2007 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2007 0.0000005
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2007 0.4199926
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2007 0.9999945
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2007 0.0000022
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2007 0.1888404
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2007 0.9999947
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2007 0.0000014
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2007 0.0642303
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2007 0.9999999
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2007 0.0000044
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2007 0.0380980
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2007 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.8706087
Western Europe:2008-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.0016099
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.0000043
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.0295202
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.0000006
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.1045073
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.0000003
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.0794922
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.0000002
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.0292954
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.0000055
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.1157453
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.0000034
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.4490143
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.0000005
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.5991824
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2008 0.0000001
Western Europe:2008-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.0000126
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.3289593
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.8614352
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.0462232
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.1730198
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.9995726
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.0192891
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.5397727
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.9999998
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.0133367
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.9310877
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.9999973
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.0125203
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.9614909
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.9997653
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.0960578
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.9964014
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.9999999
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.0782800
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.9908704
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.0000000
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.0250549
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.9992699
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 1.0000000
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2008 0.0064090
Central and Eastern Europe:2009-Western Europe:2008 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Western Europe:2008 0.2906791
Western Europe:2009-Western Europe:2008 0.9999791
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2008 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2008 0.0255159
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2008 0.9997809
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2008 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2008 0.0026884
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2008 0.9999342
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2008 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2008 0.0056584
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2008 0.9981703
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2008 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2008 0.0132376
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2008 0.9594890
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2008 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2008 0.0023100
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2008 0.9575091
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2008 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2008 0.0003732
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2008 0.9917586
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2008 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2008 0.0001523
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2008 0.9996620
Latin America and Caribbean:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.0000100
Western Europe:2009-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.0005879
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.0035839
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.0024916
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.0004763
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.9999804
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.0042479
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.9999974
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.0582512
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.9997814
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.1115210
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2009 0.0000000
Western Europe:2009-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.9998949
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.0000023
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 1.0000000
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.9997856
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.0000307
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.9999986
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.9993407
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.0005663
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.9999999
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.9998520
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.0009283
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 1.0000000
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.0037675
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.9999972
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.0023630
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.9979715
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.9999893
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.0071776
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.9894442
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2009 0.9989874
Central and Eastern Europe:2010-Western Europe:2009 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Western Europe:2009 0.9276218
Western Europe:2010-Western Europe:2009 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2009 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2009 0.6136830
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2009 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2009 0.0000008
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2009 0.7315184
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2009 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2009 0.0000013
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2009 0.8721585
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2009 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2009 0.0000067
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2009 0.5862109
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2009 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2009 0.0000039
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2009 0.2680091
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2009 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2009 0.0000144
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2009 0.1735220
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2009 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.0001626
Western Europe:2010-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.0010726
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.9999990
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.0007395
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.9999919
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.0001253
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.9990743
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.0012872
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.9997699
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.0231857
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.9951504
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.0483743
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2010 0.0000000
Western Europe:2010-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.8785820
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.0016713
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 1.0000000
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.8258254
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.0190427
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 1.0000000
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.8701416
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.0282601
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 1.0000000
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.9947269
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.0828658
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 1.0000000
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.9924864
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.0583933
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 1.0000000
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.9432136
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.1321561
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.9999997
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2010 0.7694617
Central and Eastern Europe:2011-Western Europe:2010 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Western Europe:2010 0.4780261
Western Europe:2011-Western Europe:2010 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2010 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2010 0.6145739
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2010 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2010 0.0000001
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2010 0.7934791
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2010 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2010 0.0000005
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2010 0.4489923
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2010 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2010 0.0000002
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2010 0.1663798
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2010 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2010 0.0000011
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2010 0.0971589
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2010 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.0096638
Western Europe:2011-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.0067770
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.0013835
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.0113615
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.1266978
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.9999988
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.2237056
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2011 0.0000000
Western Europe:2011-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.4003301
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.0839409
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 1.0000000
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.4362671
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.1170417
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 1.0000000
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.8601955
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.2765043
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 1.0000000
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.8306347
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.2109240
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 1.0000000
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.5891133
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.3895666
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 1.0000000
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2011 0.3109946
Central and Eastern Europe:2012-Western Europe:2011 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Western Europe:2011 0.5342208
Western Europe:2012-Western Europe:2011 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2011 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2011 0.7239147
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2011 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2011 0.0000002
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2011 0.3731612
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2011 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2011 0.0000001
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2011 0.1276451
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2011 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2011 0.0000006
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2011 0.0722386
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2011 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.0617814
Western Europe:2012-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.0173801
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.0000004
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.0951477
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.0000002
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.4888375
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.6645983
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2012 0.0000000
Western Europe:2012-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.5814276
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.0872689
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 1.0000000
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.9320638
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.2163392
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 1.0000000
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.9142555
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.1620621
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 1.0000000
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.7284618
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.3137926
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 1.0000000
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2012 0.4439601
Central and Eastern Europe:2013-Western Europe:2012 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Western Europe:2012 0.7738191
Western Europe:2013-Western Europe:2012 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2012 0.0000001
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2012 0.4065207
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2012 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2012 0.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2012 0.1363015
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2012 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2012 0.0000002
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2012 0.0752456
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2012 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.0261924
Western Europe:2013-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.0000008
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.1316376
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.0000004
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.5778335
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.7470186
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2013 0.0000000
Western Europe:2013-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.9844113
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.0799783
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 1.0000000
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.9786026
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.0556364
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 1.0000000
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.8837576
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.1296779
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.9999999
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2013 0.6451457
Central and Eastern Europe:2014-Western Europe:2013 0.0000053
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Western Europe:2013 0.8394895
Western Europe:2014-Western Europe:2013 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2013 0.0000029
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2013 0.4856388
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2013 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2013 0.0000126
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2013 0.3362108
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2013 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 0.3030869
Western Europe:2014-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 0.0000028
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 0.8193974
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 0.0000003
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 0.9243443
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2014 0.0000000
Western Europe:2014-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 0.8073682
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 0.2333436
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 1.0000000
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 0.5575459
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 0.4211213
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 1.0000000
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2014 0.2858811
Central and Eastern Europe:2015-Western Europe:2014 0.0000015
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Western Europe:2014 0.4401465
Western Europe:2015-Western Europe:2014 1.0000000
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2014 0.0000070
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2014 0.2960513
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2014 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 0.7451804
Western Europe:2015-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 0.0000001
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 0.8773861
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2015 0.0000000
Western Europe:2015-Latin America and Caribbean:2015 0.2203304
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2015 0.9020992
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2015 1.0000000
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2015 0.0836521
Central and Eastern Europe:2016-Western Europe:2015 0.0000007
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Western Europe:2015 0.1297377
Western Europe:2016-Western Europe:2015 1.0000000
Latin America and Caribbean:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2016 0.9674912
Western Europe:2016-Central and Eastern Europe:2016 0.0000001
Western Europe:2016-Latin America and Caribbean:2016 0.0437481I won’t draw a table – it turns out to be monstrous because we took the years, and they start from 2005: imagine how many pairwise comparisons there are…
14.0.1.4 Repeated Measures ANOVA
Actually, the year variable is a within-group factor. And to be honest, it is not very good to take it into account in the same way as the Region factor, otherwise we will lose a lot of information. In R, ANOVA with repeated measures can be done by specifying additional parameters in the aov() function, or with the already familiar ezANOVA() function, or with the very similar anova_test() function.
whr_tests_hw %>%
filter(Region == "Central and Eastern Europe" |
Region == "Western Europe" |
Region == "Latin America and Caribbean") %>%
filter(Year > 2010) %>% #возьму года после 2010, чтобы было поменьше
drop_na(Life_Ladder, Year) %>% #удаляю пропущенные значения в интересующих меня колонках
aov(Life_Ladder ~ Year + Error(Country/Year), .) %>%
summary()Warning in aov(Life_Ladder ~ Year + Error(Country/Year), .): Error() model is
singular
Error: Country
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
Year 1 8.94 8.935 2.095 0.152
Residuals 71 302.81 4.265
Error: Country:Year
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
Year 1 0.003 0.0027 0.01 0.919
Residuals 70 18.106 0.2586
Error: Within
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
Residuals 270 12.92 0.04784 14.0.2 Reshaping
Sometimes, for repeated measures tests, some functions accept data in a different format as input. For example, this is exactly what happened in Jamovi. Notice how our repeated measures data looks now: we have a column Yearthat lists the years, and a column Life_Ladderthat lists the values corresponding to those years.
whr_tests_hw %>%
select(Country, Year, Life_Ladder) %>%
filter(Year>2010) %>%
head() #head of the table, first 10 rows# A tibble: 6 × 3
Country Year Life_Ladder
<chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 Denmark 2016 7.56
2 Denmark 2011 7.79
3 Denmark 2012 7.52
4 Denmark 2013 7.59
5 Denmark 2014 7.51
6 Denmark 2015 7.51This data format is called long (no joke, that’s what it’s called!) because the data is stretched out in length, instead of each row consisting of unique data (pay attention to the column Country- there are repeating values there, because we have many measurements in different years for each country). Sometimes it is necessary to convert the data to a wide format - so that the values in the rows do not repeat, but instead of two columns, we have a column with measurements Life_Ladderfor each year. This transformation is called data reshaping, as if changing their shape. You can convert the data type from long to wide format or back using the pivot_wider pivot_longer functions. Unfortunately, reshaping is not implemented in Jamovi.
whr_tests_hw %>%
select(Country, Year, Life_Ladder) %>%
filter(Year>2010) %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = Year, values_from = Life_Ladder) %>%
head()# A tibble: 6 × 7
Country `2016` `2011` `2012` `2013` `2014` `2015`
<chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1 Denmark 7.56 7.79 7.52 7.59 7.51 7.51
2 Switzerland 7.46 NA 7.78 NA 7.49 7.57
3 Iceland 7.51 NA 7.59 7.50 NA 7.50
4 Norway 7.60 NA 7.68 NA 7.44 7.60
5 Finland 7.66 7.35 7.42 7.44 7.38 7.45
6 Canada 7.24 7.43 7.42 7.59 7.30 7.4114.1 Assignments after the seminar 6
Test several hypotheses on the dataset whr_tests_hwusing ANOVA and linear regression analysis: select variables suitable for these tests, formulate a hypothesis, formulate \(H_0\) and \(H_1\), select levelaa, (if necessary, preprocess the data), check the assumptions for the tests.
Select appropriate variables, formulate a meaningful hypothesis, and test it using one-way ANOVA. Interpret the results: was the hypothesis confirmed?
Select appropriate variables, formulate a meaningful hypothesis and test it with a multivariate ANOVA. Interpret the results: was the hypothesis confirmed?
Select appropriate variables, formulate a meaningful hypothesis, and test it using repeated measures ANOVA. Interpret the results: was the hypothesis supported?
Conduct the same tests of hypotheses 1-3 using linear regression analysis.
14.2 Linear Regression Analysis
Now let’s move on to one of the most important methods in data analysis, including psychological ones - linear regression . First of all, we need to remember when this method is used - and it is used when both the PP and the NP are quantitative. When we talked about correlations, we discussed that this is a simplified version of linear regression, when we have only one NP. For one NP, we can do both a correlation test and a regression analysis, but when there are two or more quantitative NPs, we only need regression. We also discussed that ANOVA is actually a subtype of linear regression, if we move from quantitative NPs to categorical ones! But first things first, let’s start with quantitative NPs, a more classic case of linear regression.
Before we build a regression model, we need to check the assumptions for linear regression
Note that we are not so interested in how normally the salaries are distributed! This is the power of linear regression, that it is robust to salaries of different distributions. But another assumption regarding the distribution of data by salaries is the linearity between the NP and the salaries on which we want to build the model, we need to make sure that there is a linear relationship between them (and not a hole in a donut or a gnome-shaped entity). This is the first assumption.
I chose for analysis the hypothesis that the level of happiness according to the subjective position on the ladder Life_Ladderdepends on the parameters Log_GDP_per_capita(purchasing power, GDP per capita), Social_support, Freedom_to_make_life_choices,Perceptions_of_corruption.
Let’s test the assumption of a linear relationship between Life_Ladder salary and several potential variables that I have selected for analysis.
whr_tests_hw %>%
ggplot(aes(x = Log_GDP_per_capita, y = Life_Ladder)) +
geom_point(color = "#355C7D", size = 1) +
theme_minimal()Warning: Removed 15 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).
whr_tests_hw %>%
ggplot(aes(x = Social_support, y = Life_Ladder)) +
geom_point(color = "#355C7D", size = 1) +
theme_minimal()Warning: Removed 12 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).
whr_tests_hw %>%
ggplot(aes(x = Freedom_to_make_life_choices, y = Life_Ladder)) +
geom_point(color = "#355C7D", size = 1) +
theme_minimal()Warning: Removed 28 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).
whr_tests_hw %>%
ggplot(aes(x = Perceptions_of_corruption, y = Life_Ladder)) +
geom_point(color = "#355C7D", size = 1) +
theme_minimal()Warning: Removed 78 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).
I see that the Log_GDP_per_capita variable shows a very good linear relationship, the Freedom_to_make_life_choices variable is close to this. I don’t really like the Social_support variable, but I can try to transform it in the process, but the Perceptions_of_corruption variable looks frankly bad, I’ll take it as an anti-example.
14.2.1 Linear Regression with One Predictor (Factor)
I will build a model with one factor to begin with – Log_GDP_per_capita. The model is built using the lm() function, to display the main information about the model you need to display summary(). By the way, you can also display these results immediately as ANOVA – this is all because, in fact, this is a subspecies of the same linear regression, and if we like the ANOVA table, we can get it by simply applying the functions to the anova() model
whr_tests_hw %>%
lm(Life_Ladder ~ Log_GDP_per_capita, .) -> lm_model1
summary(lm_model1)
Call:
lm(formula = Life_Ladder ~ Log_GDP_per_capita, data = .)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-2.26515 -0.47805 -0.04913 0.54993 2.01866
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) -1.4066 0.1467 -9.587 <0.0000000000000002 ***
Log_GDP_per_capita 0.7421 0.0158 46.973 <0.0000000000000002 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Residual standard error: 0.7016 on 1404 degrees of freedom
(15 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared: 0.6111, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6109
F-statistic: 2206 on 1 and 1404 DF, p-value: < 0.00000000000000022anova(lm_model1)Analysis of Variance Table
Response: Life_Ladder
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
Log_GDP_per_capita 1 1086.07 1086.07 2206.5 < 0.00000000000000022 ***
Residuals 1404 691.07 0.49
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1In general, we can already begin to interpret the results of the model, but it is still too early - first we need to make sure that the variances of the residuals are equal, that is, that the assumption of homoscedasticity (homogeneity) of the variances is met. This is easiest to check by displaying the first of four graphs that are displayed if you pass the linear model to the basic plot() function.
plot(lm_model1, 1)
We can make the graph prettier using ggplot(). To do this, we will use the fact that the result of executing lm() is a list containing many different data, including both the model residuals and the predicted values separately.
head(lm_model1$residuals) 1 2 3 4 5 6
0.9974072 1.4818864 1.2677150 1.4125433 1.1663137 1.2430108 head(lm_model1$fitted.values) 1 2 3 4 5 6
6.560375 6.537048 6.566518 6.558349 6.517045 6.527505 ggplot(lm_model1, aes(x = lm_model1$fitted.values, y = lm_model1$residuals)) +
geom_point(color = "#355C7D", size = 1) +
theme_minimal()
Let’s recall the examples of diagnostic graphs that we discussed last semester Examples of diagnostic graphs for residuals: https://gallery.shinyapps.io/slr_diag/ A graph is considered good if, when moving from left to right, all the points are distributed approximately evenly. But if we have a broom, that on one side the data has shrunk to one point, and then they start to diverge like a broom - this means that heteroscedasticity is observed in the data , they are not homogeneous, and the results of such a model will not be very reliable. In our case, the graph looks good and passes the test.
Now let’s take an anti-example and see what happens to the distribution of the residuals.
whr_tests_hw %>%
lm(Life_Ladder ~ Perceptions_of_corruption, .) -> lm_model2_anti
plot(lm_model2_anti, 1)
Something went wrong here, so we wouldn’t rely on such a model.
The next assumption is that the residuals must be normally distributed. Yes, we do not check for normality of the PP distribution, but the residuals need to be checked - otherwise we will not be able to draw a line with the least squares method calculation, that is, trying to get closer to all our points at once. Let’s check this assumption by displaying the second graph of the standard plot() function.
plot(lm_model1, 2)
Or, as we have already built beautiful graphs to check normality using ggplot
ggplot(data = lm_model1, aes(x = lm_model1$residuals)) +
geom_density(color = "#355C7D") +
theme_minimal()
ggplot(data = lm_model1, aes(sample = lm_model1$residuals)) +
stat_qq(color = "#355C7D") +
geom_qq_line() +
theme_minimal()
So, we have met all the assumptions for the single predictor model! We only have the assumption of no multicollinearity left, but it is not applicable to the single predictor model.
Now let’s look again at the model results and remember how to interpret them . The key thing we are interested in is the linear regression coefficients ,b0b0, intercept, the intersection of the regression line with the y-axis, andb1b1, slope, the angle of inclination of the line - since the null hypothesis for linear regression is that they are equal to zero. Another equally important thing isR2R2, the coefficient of determination and the percentage of explained variance .
lm_model1
Call:
lm(formula = Life_Ladder ~ Log_GDP_per_capita, data = .)
Coefficients:
(Intercept) Log_GDP_per_capita
-1.4066 0.7421 summary(lm_model1)
Call:
lm(formula = Life_Ladder ~ Log_GDP_per_capita, data = .)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-2.26515 -0.47805 -0.04913 0.54993 2.01866
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) -1.4066 0.1467 -9.587 <0.0000000000000002 ***
Log_GDP_per_capita 0.7421 0.0158 46.973 <0.0000000000000002 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Residual standard error: 0.7016 on 1404 degrees of freedom
(15 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared: 0.6111, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6109
F-statistic: 2206 on 1 and 1404 DF, p-value: < 0.00000000000000022As usual, we look at the p-value of each coefficient (and we can also look at the p-value of the entire model: here the same story as with ANOVA - the entire model is significant when at least one of the coefficients is significant, and is not significant when all coefficients do not differ statistically significantly from zero). If the coefficient is significant, then we can say that it significantly contributes to the explanation of the variance.b0b0, the intercept, is significantly different from zero, so we can say that our line will not start at the origin, but will be shifted by -1.4 along the y-axis.b1b1Log_GDP_per_capita is significantly different from zero, so our line will have a slope - which means that with an increase in Log_GDP_per_capita by 1, the dependent variable Life_Ladder will increase by 0.74!
What is it equal to?R2R2? It is equal to 0.61, which is a very good result. That is, 61% of the variability of our data at the Life_Ladder level is determined by the level of purchasing power Log_GDP_per_capita!
I can now write the equation of the regression line as follows:
\(\hat Life\_Ladder = -1.4 + 0.74 \times Log\_GDP\_per\_capita\)
Let’s now visualize our regression line
whr_tests_hw %>%
ggplot(aes(x = Log_GDP_per_capita, y = Life_Ladder)) +
geom_point(color = "#355C7D", size = 1, alpha = 0.5) +
geom_smooth(method = 'lm', color = "violet") +
theme_minimal()Warning: Removed 15 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
(`stat_smooth()`).Warning: Removed 15 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).
14.2.2 Linear Regression with Multiple Predictors (Factors)
Everything is the same, but now we will take the second predictor into the model – Freedom_to_make_life_choices.
whr_tests_hw %>%
lm(Life_Ladder ~ Log_GDP_per_capita + Freedom_to_make_life_choices, .) -> lm_model3_multy
lm_model3_multy
Call:
lm(formula = Life_Ladder ~ Log_GDP_per_capita + Freedom_to_make_life_choices,
data = .)
Coefficients:
(Intercept) Log_GDP_per_capita
-2.0948 0.6478
Freedom_to_make_life_choices
2.1544 summary(lm_model3_multy)
Call:
lm(formula = Life_Ladder ~ Log_GDP_per_capita + Freedom_to_make_life_choices,
data = .)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-2.50100 -0.43131 0.02093 0.44158 1.83176
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) -2.09478 0.14063 -14.90 <0.0000000000000002
Log_GDP_per_capita 0.64781 0.01562 41.46 <0.0000000000000002
Freedom_to_make_life_choices 2.15438 0.12663 17.01 <0.0000000000000002
(Intercept) ***
Log_GDP_per_capita ***
Freedom_to_make_life_choices ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Residual standard error: 0.6403 on 1375 degrees of freedom
(43 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared: 0.6791, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6787
F-statistic: 1455 on 2 and 1375 DF, p-value: < 0.00000000000000022Checking is allowed
plot(lm_model3_multy, 1)
plot(lm_model3_multy, 2)
Now we need to check the assumption about the absence of multicollinearity - that there is no strong correlation between the predictors (NP), otherwise our model will be a bit meaningless. We will check using the vif() function, the dispersion inflation coefficient. The indicators are quite arbitrary, but it is considered that if the values are greater than 5, then this is a very strong correlation between the variables, and the strongly correlated variable should be removed.
car::vif(lm_model3_multy) Log_GDP_per_capita Freedom_to_make_life_choices
1.153419 1.153419 Our vif readings are quite low, so we won’t change anything.
Next we can interpret the results (all coefficients are significant) and write down the equation of the regression line.
\(\hat Life\_Ladder = -2.09 + 0.64 \times Log\_GDP\_per\_capita + 2.15 \times Freedom\_to\_make\_life\_choices\)
14.3 Assignments after the seminar 7
Select variables suitable for linear regression in the data
whr_tests_hw.csvConstruct a linear regression on these variables, with one factor (LF)
Construct a linear regression on these variables, but with at least two factors (NP)
Plot diagnostic plots for each model: how equal is the variance of the residuals for these models? Can we trust the results of these models?
Determine which model best explains the data (i.e. wage variability)?
Write the linear regression equation for both models.
14.4 Logistic Regression
Let’s move from linear regression to logistic regression. First, let’s remember what this method is and when it is used - it is used when the salary is not quantitative, but categorical, and, as a rule, has two gradations. This is the most classic case of logistic regression, although the salary in it can have more gradations than two - then it will be a multinomial logistic regression . All machine learning is built on log regression - tasks in which it is necessary to determine whether an image belongs to a certain pattern (for example, text recognition), whether a credit borrower is reliable for issuing a loan (scoring models in banks), etc. use this method.
We will consider it on the same example of our data from the World Happiness Report. They are not very suitable for this method, so the task will be a bit artificial - we will try to predict whether a country will be in the first or second half of the rating by level of happiness (we created a special variable for this). First, I will recode this variable into 1 and 0, since log regression works with numerical values 0 and 1.
whr_tests_hw %>%
mutate(mean_position_bi = ifelse(mean_position == "upper", 1, 0)) -> whr_tests_hwFirst, let’s build the simplest model, which will include only the intercept. This model is essentially an analogue of chi-square - without any predictors, estimate whether a country will be in the first or second half of the rating, purely based on the frequency of occurrence of countries from the first and second halves? Specifically, in this example, the frequencies will be approximately the same, but the principle of operation of this model is approximately the same.
table(whr_tests_hw$mean_position)
lower upper
78 75 whr_tests_hw %>%
glm(mean_position_bi ~ 1, data = ., family = binomial) -> lm_model_log1
summary(lm_model_log1)
Call:
glm(formula = mean_position_bi ~ 1, family = binomial, data = .)
Deviance Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-1.161 -1.161 -1.161 1.194 1.194
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -0.03922 0.16172 -0.243 0.808
(Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
Null deviance: 212.04 on 152 degrees of freedom
Residual deviance: 212.04 on 152 degrees of freedom
(1268 observations deleted due to missingness)
AIC: 214.04
Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 3log(75/78)[1] -0.03922071# log(p/1-p) = interceptLet’s complicate the model and add GDP per capita as a predictor
whr_tests_hw %>%
glm(mean_position_bi ~ Log_GDP_per_capita, ., family = binomial) -> lm_model_log2
summary(lm_model_log2)
Call:
glm(formula = mean_position_bi ~ Log_GDP_per_capita, family = binomial,
data = .)
Deviance Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-1.9946 -0.4687 -0.0601 0.5165 2.1031
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -21.8266 3.5703 -6.113 0.000000000976 ***
Log_GDP_per_capita 2.3186 0.3758 6.169 0.000000000685 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
(Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
Null deviance: 207.84 on 149 degrees of freedom
Residual deviance: 109.90 on 148 degrees of freedom
(1271 observations deleted due to missingness)
AIC: 113.9
Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 6